Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 15/Verse 1

श्रीभगवानुवाच

ऊर्ध्वमूलमधःशाखमश्वत्थं प्राहुरव्ययम् ।

छन्दांसि यस्य पर्णानि यस्तं वेद स वेदवित् ॥१५- १॥

śrībhagavānuvāca

ūrdhvamūlamadhaḥśākhamaśvatthaṃ prāhuravyayam ।

chandāṃsi yasya parṇāni yastaṃ veda sa vedavit ॥15- 1॥

The Blessed Lord said: they said, the eternal ashvattha tree, the root is high [and] the branch is low, of which the leaves are the sacred hymns. Who knew that, that one was a knower of the Veda. 

śrībhagavān (masculine, nominative, singular) = the Blessed Lord 

uvāca (past tense, 3rd person, singular) = said

ūrdhvamūlam (ūrdhva + mūlam) (neuter, accusative, singular) = the root is high 

adhaḥśākham (adhas + śākham) (masculine, accusative, singular) = the branch is low 

aśvattham (masculine, accusative, singular) = the ashvattha tree

prāhus (past tense, 3rd person, plural) = they said 

avyayam (masculine, accusative, singular) = eternal 

chandāṃsi (neuter, accusative, plural) = sacred hymns 

yasya (pronoun, 3rd person, genitive, singular) = of which 

parṇāni (neuter, accusative, plural) =leaves 

yas (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, singular) = who 

tam (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, accusative, singular) = that 

veda (past tense, 3rd person, singular) = one knew

sas (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, singular) = that one 

vedavit (masculine, nominative, singular) = knower of the Veda