Sunday, September 27, 2015

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 2/Verse 14

मात्रास्पर्शास्तु कौन्तेय शीतोष्णसुखदुःखदाः ।
आगमापायिनोऽनित्यास्तांस्तितिक्षस्व भारत ॥२- १४॥


mātrāsparśāstu kaunteya śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhadāḥ ।

āgamāpāyino'nityāstāṃstitikṣasva bhārata ॥2- 14॥

O son-of-Kuntī, but contacts with the material world gives transient, coming and going pain and pleasure and hot and cold. You must endure them, O descendant-of-Bharata



Word-for-word translation


mātrāsparśās (mātrā + sparśāstu) (compound) (nominative, plural) = contacts with the material world


tu (conjuction) (indeclinable) = but


kaunteya (vocative, singular) = O son-of-Kuntī (epithet of Arjuna) 


śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhadās (śīta + uṣṇa + sukha + duḥkha + dās) (compound) (nominative, singular) = gives pain and pleasure and hot and cold 



āgamāpāyinas (adjective) (āgama + apāyinas) (compound) (nominative, plural) = coming and going  

anityās (adjective) (nominative, plural) = transient

tān (pronoun, 3rd person, accusative, plural)= them

titikṣasva (present tense, imperative, 2nd person, singular) = you must endure!

bhārata (vocative, singular) = O descendant-of-Bharata



Commentary


The word "kaunteya" is an interesting derivative of the Sanskrit language that indicates offspring of an someone divine or mundane. "titikṣasva" is also a good example of an imperative in this verse. Both words took me some time to verify the spellings. Thanks again to the Goldman Sanskrit primer! 

This verse speaks to the idea that various extreme sensations come and go and are transient, and they must be endured.  

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