Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 2/Verse 1

सञ्जय उवाच
तं तथा कृपयाविष्टमश्रुपूर्णाकुलेक्षणम् ।
विषीदन्तमिदं वाक्यमुवाच मधुसूदनः ॥२- १॥

sañjaya uvāca
taṃ tathā kṛpayāviṣṭamaśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇam ।
viṣīdantamidaṃ vākyamuvāca madhusūdanaḥ ॥2- 1॥

Sañjaya said, thus Madhusūdana said this speech to him [Arjuna] overcome with pity; cast down, [his] vision completely full of tears.  


Word-for-word translation

sañjayas (nominative, singular) = Sañjaya

uvāca (past tense verb, 3rd person, singular) = said 

tam (pronoun, 3rd person, accusative, singular) = him

tathā (indeclinable) = thus

kṛpayā (instrumental, singular) = with pity

āviṣṭam (past passive participle, accusative, singular) = overcome

aśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇam (compound) (aśru + pūrṇā + ākula + īkṣaṇam) (accusative, singular) = the vision completely full of tears   


viṣīdantam (past passive participle, accusative, singular) = cast down

idam (demonstrative pronoun, accusative, singular) = this 

vākyam (accusative, singular) = speech 

uvāca (past tense verb, 3rd person, singular) = said 

madhusūdanas (nominative, singular) = Madhusūdana [epithet of Krishna] 


Commentary

This verse has a good example of the past passive participle. Many translations interpret "īkṣaṇam" as "eyes", but this is not correct given "īkṣaṇam" is singular in number. A proper interpretation would be "eye". It is better to use "sight" or "vision" for the interpretation of "īkṣaṇam".