Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 26

Chapter 1/Verse 26

तत्रापश्यत्स्थितान्पार्थः पितॄनथ पितामहान् ।

आचार्यान्मातुलान्भ्रातॄन्पुत्रान्पौत्रान्सखींस्तथा ॥१-२६॥

tatrāpaśyatsthitānpārthaḥ pitṝnatha pitāmahān ।

ācāryānmātulānbhrātṝnputrānpautrānsakhīṃstathā

॥1-26॥

Then son of Prithā saw them standing there. Fathers, grandfathers, preceptors, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, as well as friends.

tatra (adverb) (indeclinable) = there

apaśyat (verb root: paś) (imperfect, parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular) = he saw

sthitān (verb root: sthitā) (past passive participle, masculine, accusative, plural)= them standing

pārthas (stem form: pārtha) (masculine, nominative, singular with nominal derivative) = son of Prithā (epithet of Arjuna)

pitṝn (stem form: pitṛ) (masculine, accusative, plural) = fathers

atha (adverb) (indeclinable) = then

pitāmahān (stem form: pitāmaha) (masculine, accusative, plural) = grandfathers

ācāryān (stem form: ācārya) (masculine, accusative, plural) = preceptors

mātulān (stem form: mātula) (masculine, accusative, plural) = maternal uncles

bhrātṝn (stem form: bhrātṛ) (masculine, accusative, plural) = brothers

putrān (stem form: putra) (masculine, accusative, plural) = sons

pautrān (stem form: pautra) (masculine, accusative, plural with nominal derivative) = grandsons

sakhīṃs (stem form: sakhi) (masculine, accusative, plural) = friends

tathā (adverb) (indeclinable) = as well as

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 25

Chapter 1/Verse 25

भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम् ।

उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान्समवेतान्कुरूनिति ॥१-२५॥

bhīṣmadroṇapramukhataḥ sarveṣāṃ ca mahīkṣitām ।

uvāca pārtha paśyaitānsamavetānkurūniti ॥1-25॥

In front of Bhīṣma and Droṇa and all of these rulers of the earth, O son of Prithā said, "Behold these gathered Kurus!"

bhīṣmadroṇapramukhatas (stem form: bhīṣmadroṇapramukhata) (bhīṣma + droṇa + pramukhatas) (tatpurūṣa compound, adverb) (indeclinable) = in front of Bhīṣma and Droṇa

sarveṣām (masculine, genitive plural) = of all these

ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and

mahīkṣitām (verb root: kṣi) (mahī + kṣitām) (tatpurūṣa compound, masculine, genitive, plural) = of the rulers of the earth

uvāca (verb root: vac) (perfect, parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular) = one said 

pārtha (stem form; pārtha) (masculine, vocative, singular) = O son of Prithā (epithet of Arjuna)

paśya (verb root: paś) (imperative, 2nd person, singular) = behold!

etān (masculine, accusative, plural)= these

samavetān (verb root: i) (sam + ava + itān) (past passive participle, masculine, accusative, plural) = gathered

kurūn (stem form: kuru) (masculine, accusative, plural) = Kurus

iti (punctuation) (indeclinable) = (used to indicate a quotation)

This verse is pretty straight forward, but some translations seem to confuse the grammar of the word "pārtha". "Pārtha" is an epithet of Arjuna and it is in the vocative class and in singular number. Some translations seem to have Arjuna talking to himself, calling and praising himself "Pārtha" in this verse, versus the narrator of the story stating what Arjuna (a.k.a. "Pārtha") said.

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 24

Chapter 1/Verse 24

एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशो गुडाकेशेन भारत ।

सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम् ॥१-२४॥

evamukto hṛṣīkeśo guḍākeśena bhārata ।

senayorubhayormadhye sthāpayitvā rathottamam

॥1-24॥

O descendant-of-Bharata, in that way, it was spoken by Guḍākeśa. Hṛṣīkeśa having positioned the excellent chariot in the middle of both armies.

evam (adverb) (indeclinable) = in that way

uktas (verb root: vac) (past passive participle, masculine, nominative, singular) = it was spoken

hṛṣīkeśas (stem form: hṛṣīkeśa) (hṛṣī + keśas) (masculine, nominative, singular) = Hṛṣīkeśa (referring to Krisha)

guḍākeśena (stem form: guḍākeśa) (masculine, instrumental, singular) = by Guḍākeśa (referring to Arjuna)

bhārata (stem form: bhārata) (masculine, vocative, singular with nominal derivative) = O descendant of Bharata (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

senayos (stem form: senā) (feminine, genitive, dual) = of two armies

ubhayos (stem form: ubhā) (feminine, genitive, dual) = of both

madhye (stem form: madhya) (neuter, locative, dual) = at the middle

sthāpayitvā (causative gerund) (indeclinable) = having positioned

rathottamam (stem form: rathottama) (ratha + uttamam) (compound) (masculine, accusative, singular) = excellent chariot

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 23

Chapter 1/Verse 23

योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहं य एतेऽत्र समागताः ।

धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः ॥१-२३॥

yotsyamānānavekṣe'haṃ ya ete'tra samāgatāḥ ।

dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddheryuddhe priyacikīrṣavaḥ ॥1-23॥

I behold those wanting to fight assembled here in battle who are desirous to please the evil-mind of the son of Dhārtarāṣṭra.

yotsyamānān (verb root: yudh) (future participle, masculine, accusative, nominative, plural) = wanting to fight

avekṣe (verb root: īkṣ) (ava + īkṣe) (present tense, 1st person, singular)= I behold

aham (pronoun, 1st person, nominative, singular) = I

ye (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, plural) = those who

ete (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, plural) = those

atra (adverb) (indeclinable) =  here

samāgatās (verb root: āgam) (sam + āgatās) (past passive participle, masculine, nominative, plural) = assembled

dhārtarāṣṭrasya (masculine, genitive, singular with nominal derivative) = of the son of Dhārtarāṣṭra

durbuddhes (stem form: durbuddhi) (bahuvrihī compound, masculine, genitive, singular) = of the evil mind

yuddhe (verb root: yud) (past passive participle, neuter, locative, singular) = in battle

priyacikīrṣavas (stem form: priyacikīrṣu) (priya + cikīrṣavas) (tatpurūṣa compound, masculine, nominative, plural) = desirous to please

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 22

Chapter 1/Verse 22

यावदेतान्निरिक्षेऽहं योद्‌धुकामानवस्थितान् ।

कैर्मया सह योद्धव्यमस्मिन् रणसमुद्यमे ॥१-२२॥

yāvadetānnirikṣe'haṃ yod‌dhukāmānavasthitān ।

kairmayā saha yoddhavyamasmin raṇasamudyame

॥1-22॥

I gaze at all these [warriors] standing firm, eager to fight. Whom will fight with me in this epic battle?

yāvat (adverb) (indeclinable) = all

etān (masculine, accusative, plural) = these

nirikṣe (verb root: īkṣ) (nir + ikṣe) (ātmanepada, 1st person, singular) = I gaze

aham (pronoun, 1st person, nominative, singular) = I

yod‌dhukāmān (stem form: yod‌dhukāma) (masculine, nominative, plural) = eager to fight

avasthitān (adjective modifying "etān") (masculine, accusative, plural) = standing firm

kais (interrogative, masculine, instrumental, plural) = with whom?

mayā (pronoun, 1st person, instrumental, singular) = with me

saha (adverb) (indeclinable) = with

yoddhavyam (verb root: yudh) (gerundive, neuter, nominative, singular)  = to fight

asmin (pronoun, masculine, locative, singular) = in this

raṇasamudyame (stem form: raṇasamudyame) (raṇa + samudyame) (compound, masculine, locative, singular) = in epic battle

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 21

Chapter 1/Verse 21

हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते ।

सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत ॥१-२१॥

hṛṣīkeśaṃ tadā vākyamidamāha mahīpate ।

senayorubhayormadhye rathaṃ sthāpaya me'cyuta ॥1-21॥

Then, O' Lord of the Earth, he (Arjuna) said these words to Hṛṣīkeśa [Krishna]. O' Acyuta (Krishna), position my war-chariot at the middle of both armies.

hṛṣīkeśam (stem form: hṛṣīkeśa) (hṛṣī + keśam) (masculine, accusative, singular) = Hṛṣīkeśa (epithet of Krishna meaning "bristling hair")

tadā (adverb) (indeclinable) = then

vākyam (stem form: vākya) (neuter, accusative, singular) = these words

idam (pronoun, 3rd pronoun, neuter, accusative, singular) = this

āha (verb root: ah) (perfect, parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular) = he said

mahīpate (stem form: mahīpati) (mahī + pate) (tatpurūṣa compound, masculine, vocative, singular) = O' Lord of the Earth

senayos (stem form: senā) (feminine, genitive, dual) = of two armies

ubhayos (stem form: ubhā) (feminine, genitive, dual) = of both

madhye (stem form: madhya) (neuter, locative, dual) = at the middle

ratham (stem form: ratha) (masculine, accusative, singular) = war-chariot

sthāpaya (verb root: sthā) (causative imperative, 2nd person, singular) = cause to position

me (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, singular) = my

acyuta (stem form: acyuta) (masculine, vocative, singular) = O' Acyuta (epithet of Krishna meaning “imperishable”)

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 20

Chapter 1/Verse 20

अथ व्यवस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान्कपिध्वजः ।

प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसंपाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः ॥१-२०॥

atha vyavasthitāndṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrānkapidhvajaḥ ।

pravṛtte śastrasaṃpāte dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ

॥1-20॥

Then seeing the arrayed sons of Dhārtarāṣṭra at the commencement of the clash of weapons, son of Pāṇḍu, ape-bannered, lifting bow ...

atha (adverb) (indeclinable) = then

vyavasthitān (verb root:sthitā) (vi + ava + sthita) (past passive participle, accusative, plural) = arrayed

dṛṣṭvā (gerund) (indeclinable) = seeing

dhārtarāṣṭrān (stem form: dhārtarāṣṭra) (masculine, accusative, plural with nominal derivative) = sons of Dhārtarāṣṭra

kapidhvajas (stem form: kapidhvaja) (kapi + dhvajas) ((bahuvrihī compound, masculine, nominative, singular) = ape-bannered (epithet of Arjuna, a central character in the Bhagavad Gita)

pravṛtte (stem form: pravṛtta) (masculine, locative, singular) = at the commencement

śastrasaṃpāte (stem form: śastrasaṃpāta) (śastra + saṃpāte) (tatpurūṣa compound, masculine, locative, singular) = clash of weapons

dhanus (stem form: dhanu) (masculine, accusative, singular) = bow

udyamya (gerund) (indeclinable) = lifting

pāṇḍavas (stem form: pāṇḍava) (masculine, nominative, singular with nominal derivative) = son of Pāṇḍu (epithet of Arjuna, a central character in the Bhagavad Gita)