Saturday, October 24, 2015

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 2/Verse 31

स्वधर्ममपि चावेक्ष्य न विकम्पितुमर्हसि ।
धर्म्याद्धि युद्धाच्छ्रेयोऽन्यत्क्षत्रियस्य न विद्यते ॥२- ३१॥


svadharmamapi cāvekṣya na vikampitumarhasi ।

dharmyāddhi yuddhācchreyo'nyatkṣatriyasya na vidyate ॥2- 31॥

And even considering one's own dharma, you should not tremble. Indeed, for a warrior, no other better is found than a dharmic war.  



Word-for-word translation


svadharmam (accusative, singular) = one's own dharma 

api (adverb) (indeclinable) = even


ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and


avekṣya (derivative abstract) = considering


na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not


vikampitum (infinitive) (indeclinable) = to tremble


arhasi (present tense, 2nd person, singular) = you should


dharmyāt (adjective) (ablative, singular) = dharmic 


hi (adverb) (indeclinable) = indeed


yuddhāt (ablative of comparison) (ablative, singular) = than war 


śreyas (nominative, singular) = better 


anyat (adjective) (nominative, singular) = other


kṣatriyasya (genitive, singular) = of a warrior


na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not


vidyate (passive, present tense, 3rd person, singular) = is found 


Commentary


This verse shows a good example of the Sanskrit grammar construction known as the "ablative of comparison" that compares people and things within a sentence. 

Translations differ especially when translating the many meaning word "dharma", but all translations put forth the interpretation that there is nothing better for a warrior to do than to fight in a dharmic war and one should not tremble when contemplating one's own dharma. This whole verse conveys the idea that we are bound to certain duties based on our roles in life, even if the duties are unsavory.

Also note, that the passive verb "vidyate" can mean "is found" or "is known". "Is found" is the more appropriate choice for this verse.   

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