Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 2/Verse 19

य एनं वेत्ति हन्तारं यश्चैनं मन्यते हतम् ।
उभौ तौ न विजानीतो नायं हन्ति न हन्यते ॥२- १९॥

ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ yaścainaṃ manyate hatam ।
ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate ॥2- 19॥


The one who considers this [indestructible] as the slayer and the one who thinks this [indestructible] as slain, both of them are not discerning. This [indestructible] does not kill nor is it slain.  

Word-for-word translation yas (pronoun, 3rd person, singular) = the one who 

enam (demonstrative pronoun, 3rd person, accusative, singular) = this

vetti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = he considers

hantāram (accusative, singular) = slayer

yas (pronoun, 3rd person, singular) = the one who 

ca (indeclinable) = and 

enam (demonstrative pronoun, 3rd person, accusative, singular) = this

manyate (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = he thinks

hatam (past passive participle) = slain


ubhau (nominative, dual)= both

tau (pronoun, 3rd person, nominative, dual) = them two

na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not

vijānītas (present tense, 3rd person, dual) = discerning

na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not

ayam (demonstrative pronoun, nominative, singular) = this

hanti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one kills

na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not

hanyate (present tense, passive, 3rd person, singular) = one is slain


Commentary

This verse really highlights the demonstrative pronouns "enam" and "ayam" that are used to refer to something previously mentioned. In this case, the "this" refers to the "finite bodies" mentioned in the previous verse. Most translations indicate "this" as referring to "the self" or some word close to that. 

This verse is also another good example of a relative/correlative sentence with the relative/correlative markers. 

More of the Bhagavad Gita's philosophy is expounded in this verse stating it is only illusion that we do things to people and that they do things to us.