Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 39

Chapter 1/Verse 39

कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम् ।

कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन ॥१-३९॥

kathaṃ na jñeyamasmābhiḥ pāpādasmānnivartitum ।

kulakṣayakṛtaṃ doṣaṃ prapaśyadbhirjanārdana

॥1-39॥

How is it not known by us, to turn away from this sin by discerning the flaw, the consequence of the corruption of the family, O Janārdana?

kathaṃ (adverb) (interrogative) = how?

na (negation particle) (indeclinable) = not

jñeyam (verb root: jña) (gerundive) = to be known

asmābhis (masculine, instrumental, plural) = by us

pāpāt (neuter, ablative, singular) = from sin

asmāt (neuter, ablative, singular) = from this

nivartitum (verb root: ) (ni + vartitum) (infinitive) = to turn away

kulakṣayakṛtam (stem form: kulakṣayakṛta) (kula + kṣaya + kṛtam) (tatpurūṣa compound, masculine, accusative, singular) = the consequence of the corruption of the family  

doṣam (stem form: doṣa) (masculine, accusative, singular) = the flaw

prapaśyadbhir (verb root: paś) (pra + paśyadbhir) (present participle, masculine, instrumental, plural) = by discerning

janārdana (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Janārdana (epithet of Krishna)

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 38

Chapter 1/Verse 38

यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति लोभोपहतचेतसः ।

कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् ॥१-३८॥

yadyapyete na paśyanti lobhopahatacetasaḥ ।

kulakṣayakṛtaṃ doṣaṃ mitradrohe ca pātakam

॥1-38॥

Even if from a mind corrupted with greed they do not see the flaw, the consequence of the corruption of the family, and the sin in the treachery toward a friend

yadi (conjunction) (indeclinable) = if

api (adverb) (indeclinable) = even

ete (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, plural) = they

na (negation particle) (indeclinable) = not

paśyanti (verb root: paś) (present tense, 3rd person, plural) = they see

lobhopahatacetasas (lobha + upahata + cetasas) (tatpurūṣa compound, neuter, ablative, singular) = from a mind corrupted with greed

kulakṣayakṛtam (stem form: kulakṣayakṛta) (kula + kṣaya + kṛtam) (tatpurūṣa compound, masculine, accusative, singular) = the consequence of the corruption of the family  

doṣam (stem form: doṣa) (masculine, accusative, singular) = a flaw

mitradrohe (stem form: mitradroha) (mitra + drohe) (compound) (locative, singular) = in the treachery toward friend  

ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and

pātakam (stem form: pātaka) (neuter, accusative, singular) = a sin

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 37

Chapter 1/Verse 37

तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुं धार्तराष्ट्रान्स्वबान्धवान् ।

स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव ॥१-३७॥

tasmānnārhā vayaṃ hantuṃ

dhārtarāṣṭrānsvabāndhavān ।

svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava

॥1-37॥

Therefore, we have no justifications to kill the sons of Dhritarāshtra, one's own kinsmen. O Mādhava, indeed, having slain a man of one's own people, how can we be possessed of happiness?

tasmāt (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine/neuter, ablative, singular) = therefore

na (negation particle) (indeclinable) = not

arhās (verb root: arh) (masculine, nominative, plural) = justifications

vayam (pronoun, 1st person, nominative, plural) = we

hantum (verb root: han) (infinitive) (indeclinable) = to kill

dhārtarāṣṭrān (stem form: dhārtarāṣṭra) (masculine, accusative, plural) = sons of Dhritarāshtra

svabāndhavān (stem form: svabāndhava) (masculine, accusative, plural) = one's own kinsmen

svajanam (stem form: svajana) (masculine, accusative, singular) = a man of one's own people

hi (adverb) (indeclinable) = indeed

katham (interrogative) (indeclinable) = how?

hatvā (verb root: han) (gerund) (indeclinable) = having slain

sukhinas (stem form: sukhina) (masculine, nominative, plural) = possessed of happiness

syāma (verb root: as) (optative, 1st person, plural) = we could be

mādhava (stem form: mādhava) (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Mādhava (epithet of Krishna)

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 36

Chapter 1/Verse 36

निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः का प्रीतिः स्याज्जनार्दन ।

पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान्हत्वैतानाततायिनः ॥१-३६॥

nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrānnaḥ kā prītiḥ syājjanārdana ।

pāpamevāśrayedasmānhatvaitānātatāyinaḥ ॥1-36॥

Killing the sons of Dhritarāshtra, what is our delight? O Janārdana, perhaps having killed these armed aggressors, indeed, sin would cling to us.  

nihatya (verb root: han) (gerund) (indeclinable) = killing

dhārtarāṣṭrān (stem form: dhārtarāṣṭra) (masculine, accusative, plural with nominal derivative) = sons of Dhritarāshtra

nas (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, plural) = our

kā (interrogative) (feminine, nominative, singular) = what?  

prītis (stem form: prīti) (feminine, nominative, singular) = delight

syāt (verb root: as) (optative, 3rd person, singular) = perhaps

janārdana (stem form: janārdana) (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Janārdana (epithet for Krishna)

pāpam (stem form: pāpa) (neuter, nominative, singular) = sin

eva (emphatic particle that emphasizes the preceding word) (indeclinable) = indeed

āśrayet (verb root: śri) (ā + śrayet) (optative, 3rd person, singular) = would cling

asmān (pronoun, 1st person, accusative, plural) = us

hatvā (verb root: han) (gerund) (indeclinable) = having killed

etān (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, accusative, plural) = these

ātatāyinas (verb root: tan) (ā + tatāyinas) (masculine, accusative, plural) = whose-bows-are-strung (armed aggressors)

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 35

Chapter 1/Verse 35

एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि घ्नतोऽपि मधुसूदन ।

अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य हेतोः किं नु महीकृते ॥१-३५॥

etānna hantumicchāmi ghnato'pi madhusūdana ।

api trailokyarājyasya hetoḥ kiṃ nu mahīkṛte ॥1-35॥

I do not wish to kill these, even [if I be] slain. O Madhusūdana,  even for the reason of the rulership of the triple world. Indeed, how much less on account of the earth?

etān (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, accusative, plural) = these

na (negation particle) (indeclinable) = not

hantum (verb root: han) (infinitive) (indeclinable) = to kill

icchāmi (verb root: iṣ) (present tense, 1st person, singular) = I wish

ghnatas (verb root: han) (present participle, masculine, accusative, singular) = slain

api (adverb) (indeclinable) = even

madhusūdana (stem form: madhusūdana) (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Madhusūdana (epithet of Krishna)

api (adverb) (indeclinable) = even

trailokyarājyasya (stem form: trailokyarājya) (trai + lokya + rājyasya) (tatpurūṣa compound, neuter, genitive, singular) = of the rulership of the triple world

hetos (stem form: hetu)(masculine, genitive, singular) = for the reason

kim (interrogative) (indeclinable) = how?

nu (adverb) (indeclinable) = (a particle having an interrogative force and implying some doubt or uncertainty

mahīkṛte (stem form: mahīkṛte) (mahī + kṛte) (masculine, locative, singular) = for the sake of the earth

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 34

Chapter 1/Verse 34

आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः ।

मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः संबन्धिनस्तथा ॥१-३४॥

ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrāstathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ ।

mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ śyālāḥ saṃbandhinastathā ॥1-34॥

Teachers, fathers, sons, and also grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, and relatives, thus so.

ācāryās (stem form: ācārya) (masculine, nominative, plural) = teachers

pitaras (stem form: pitṛ) (masculine, nominative, plurals) = fathers

putrās (stem form: putra) (masculine, nominative, plural) = sons

tathā (adverb) (indeclinable) = and also

eva (indeclinable) = (emphatic particle, emphasizes preceding word)

ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and

pitāmahās (stem form: pitāmaha) (masculine, nominative, plural) = grandfathers

mātulās (stem form: mātula) (masculine, nominative, plural) = maternal uncles

śvaśurās (stem form: śvaśura) (masculine, nominative, plural) = fathers-in-law

pautrās (stem form: pautra) (masculine, nominative, plural) = grandsons

śyālās (stem form: śyāla) (masculine, nominative, plural) = brothers-in-law

saṃbandhinas (stem form: saṃbandhin) (masculine, nominative, plural) = relatives

tathā (adverb) (indeclinable) = thus so

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 1/Verse 33

Chapter 1/Verse 33

येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च ।

त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च ॥१-३३॥

yeṣāmarthe kāṅkṣitaṃ no rājyaṃ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca ।

ta ime'vasthitā yuddhe prāṇāṃstyaktvā dhanāni ca

॥1-33॥

By the means of those who are arrayed abandoning life and wealth in battle, these are our coveted royalty, enjoyments, and pleasures.

yeṣām (pronoun, masculine, genitive, plural) = of those

arthe (stem form: artha) (masculine, locative, singular) = by the means

kāṅkṣitam (verb root: kāṅkṣ) (past passive participle, neuter, accusative, singular) = the coveted

nas (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, plural) = our

rājyam (stem form: rājya) (neuter, nominative, singular) = royalty

bhogās (stem form: bhoga) (masculine, nominative, plural) = enjoyments

sukhāni (stem form: sukha) (neuter, nominative, plural) = pleasures

ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and

te (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, plural) = these

ime (masculine, nominative, plural) = these

avasthitās (verb root: sthā) (past passive participle, masculine, nominative, plural) = arrayed

yuddhe (stem form: yuddha) (neuter, locative, singular) = in battle

prāṇān (stem form: prāṇa) (masculine, accusative, plural) = life

tyaktvā (verb root: tyaj) (gerund) (indeclinable) =  abandoning

dhanāni (stem form: dhana) (neuter, accusative, plural) = wealth

ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and