Tuesday, December 1, 2015

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 2/Verse 54

अर्जुन उवाच

स्थितप्रज्ञस्य का भाषा समाधिस्थस्य केशव ।
स्थितधीः किं प्रभाषेत किमासीत व्रजेत किम् ॥२- ५४॥


arjuna uvāca

sthitaprajñasya kā bhāṣā samādhisthasya keśava ।
sthitadhīḥ kiṃ prabhāṣeta kimāsīta vrajeta kim ॥2- 54॥

Arjuna said: 


What is the speech of the knowing that is steadfast abiding in samādhi having understanding which is steadfast, O Keśava? How ought he speak? How ought he sit? How ought he move?


Word-for-word translations


arjunas (masculine, nominative, singular) = Arjuna 


uvāca (past tense verb, 3rd person, singular) = said 


sthitaprajñasya (sthita + prajñasya) (compound) (masculine, genitive, singular) = of the knowing that is steadfast

kā (feminine, interrogative pronoun, singular) = what?


bhāṣā (feminine, nominative, singular) = speech


samādhisthasya (samādhi + sthasya) (compound) (adjective) (masculine, genitive, singular) = of abiding in samādhi


keśava (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Keśava (epithet of Krishna)



sthitadhīs (sthita + dhīs) (compound) (feminine, nominative, singular) = understanding which is steadfast 

kim (neuter, interrogative pronoun) (indeclinable) = how?


prabhāṣeta (optative, 3rd person, singular) = ought he speak


kim (neuter, interrogative pronoun) (indeclinable) = how?


āsīta (optative, 3rd person, singular) = ought he sit 

vrajeta (optative, 3rd person, singular) = ought he move


kim (neuter, interrogative pronoun) (indeclinable) = how?



Commentary


This verse is very interesting for its use of the genitive case, especially with the middle part of the verse using the genitive case in a sense of having something, which in this verse means having "understanding which is steadfast". 

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