Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 2/Verse 62

Chapter 2/Verse 62

ध्यायतो विषयान्पुंसः सङ्गस्तेषूपजायते ।
सङ्गात्संजायते कामः कामात्क्रोधोऽभिजायते ॥२- ६२॥

dhyāyato viṣayānpuṃsaḥ saṅgasteṣūpajāyate ।
saṅgātsaṃjāyate kāmaḥ kāmātkrodho'bhijāyate ॥2- 62॥

Of a man contemplating objects; in them, attachment is born; from attachment, desire is born; from desire, anger is born.  


Word-for-word translations


dhyāyatas (present active participle) (masculine, genitive, singular) = of contemplating

viṣayān (masculine, accusative, plural) = objects

puṃsas (masculine, genitive, singular) = of a man

saṅgas (masculine, nominative, singular) = attachment 

teṣu (masculine, locative, plural) = in them 

upajāyate (present indicative, passive, 3rd person, plural) = it is born

saṅgāt (masculine, ablative, singular) = from attachment 

saṃjāyate (present indicative, passive, 3rd person, plural) = it is born

kāmas (masculine, nominative, singular) = desire

kāmāt (masculine, ablative, singular) = from desire

krodhas (masculine, nominative, singular) = anger

abhijāyate (present indicative, passive, 3rd person, singular) = it is born 


Commentary

"upajāyate", "saṃjāyate", and "abhijāyate" have varying prefixes to the verb "jāyate" meaning "born". These prefixes are usually rationalized as being pleonastic (not altering the basic meaning of the word), but I do find it interesting that "upa" means "towards", "sam" means "together", and "abhi" means "fully". It appears to convey a sense that the intensity of emotion sprouting from the attachment to the object brings forth more intense emotions, first desire and then anger.