Sunday, November 8, 2015

Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 2/Verse 42

यामिमां पुष्पितां वाचं प्रवदन्त्यविपश्चितः ।
वेदवादरताः पार्थ नान्यदस्तीति वादिनः ॥२- ४२॥


yāmimāṃ puṣpitāṃ vācaṃ pravadantyavipaścitaḥ ।

vedavādaratāḥ pārtha nānyadastīti vādinaḥ ॥2- 42॥


O son-of-Prithā, the ignorant ones, delighted in the lore of the Veda, utter this flowery speech saying, "There is no other".  



Word-for-word translations


yām (feminine, pronoun, accusative, singular) = which (word actually omitted in the English translation given it is a syntactical device in Sanskrit)


imām (feminine, demonstrative pronoun, accusative, singular) = this 


puṣpitām (adjective) (feminine, accusative, singular) = flowery


vācam (feminine, accusative, singular) = speech


pravadanti (present tense, 3rd person, plural) = they utter


avipaścitas (masculine, nominative, plural) = the ignorant ones



vedavādaratās (veda + vāda + ratās) (compound) (past passive participle) (masculine, nominative, plural) = delighted in the lore of the Veda  

pārtha (masculine, vocative, singular) = O son-of-Prithā


na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not 


anyat (adjective) (pronoun declension, nominative, singular) = other


asti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one is


iti (indeclinable) = (quotation mark)


vādinas (masculine, nominative, singular) = saying



Commentary 


A good example of how a vocative and quotation marker can help break up a Sanskrit sentence into smaller parts. 

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