एवं ज्ञात्वा कृतं कर्म पूर्वैरपि मुमुक्षुभिः ।
कुरु कर्मैव तस्मात्त्वं पूर्वैः पूर्वतरं कृतम् ॥४-१५॥
evaṃ jñātvā kṛtaṃ karma pūrvairapi mumukṣubhiḥ ।
kuru karmaiva tasmāttvaṃ pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam ॥4-15॥
Thus, having known, even action was done by the ancients desirous of release. Therefore, indeed, you must engage in action, as done previously by the ancients.
Word-for-word translations
evam (adverb) (indeclinable) = thus
jñātvā (gerund) (indeclinable) = having known
kṛtam (past passive participle, neuter, accusative, singular) = was done
karma (neuter, accusative, singular) = action
pūrvais (masculine, instrumental, plural) = by the ancients
api (adverb) (indeclinable) = even
mumukṣubhis (adjective) (masculine, instrumental, plural) = by desirous of release
kuru (imperative, 2nd person, singular) = you must engage!
karma (neuter, accusative, singular) = action
eva (adverb) (indeclinable) = indeed
tasmāt (masculine, ablative, singular) = therefore
tvam (pronoun, 2nd person, nominative, singular) = you
pūrvais (masculine, instrumental, plural) = by the ancients
pūrvataram (comparative) = previously
kṛtam (past passive participle, neuter, accusative, singular) = as done
Tuesday, March 15, 2016
Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 4/Verse 14
न मां कर्माणि लिम्पन्ति न मे कर्मफले स्पृहा ।
इति मां योऽभिजानाति कर्मभिर्न स बध्यते ॥४-१४॥
na māṃ karmāṇi limpanti na me karmaphale spṛhā ।
iti māṃ yo'bhijānāti karmabhirna sa badhyate ॥4-14॥
Actions do not stain me. My desire is not in the fruit of action. Thus, one who understands me, that one is not bound by actions.
Word-for-word translations
na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not
mām (pronoun, 1st person, accusative, singular) = me
karmāṇi (neuter, nominative, plural) = actions
limpanti (present tense, 3rd person, plural) = they stain
na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not
me (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, singular) = my
karmaphale (neuter, locative, singular) = in the fruit of action
spṛhā (feminine, nominative, singular) = desire
iti (adverb) (indeclinable) = thus
mām (pronoun, 1st person, accusative, singular) = me
yas (pronoun, masculine, nominative, singular) = one who
abhijānāti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one understands
karmabhis (neuter, instrumental, plural) = by actions
na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not
sas (masculine, nominative, singular) = that one
badhyate (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one is bound
इति मां योऽभिजानाति कर्मभिर्न स बध्यते ॥४-१४॥
na māṃ karmāṇi limpanti na me karmaphale spṛhā ।
iti māṃ yo'bhijānāti karmabhirna sa badhyate ॥4-14॥
Actions do not stain me. My desire is not in the fruit of action. Thus, one who understands me, that one is not bound by actions.
Word-for-word translations
na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not
mām (pronoun, 1st person, accusative, singular) = me
karmāṇi (neuter, nominative, plural) = actions
limpanti (present tense, 3rd person, plural) = they stain
na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not
me (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, singular) = my
karmaphale (neuter, locative, singular) = in the fruit of action
spṛhā (feminine, nominative, singular) = desire
iti (adverb) (indeclinable) = thus
mām (pronoun, 1st person, accusative, singular) = me
yas (pronoun, masculine, nominative, singular) = one who
abhijānāti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one understands
karmabhis (neuter, instrumental, plural) = by actions
na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not
sas (masculine, nominative, singular) = that one
badhyate (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one is bound
Monday, March 14, 2016
Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 4/Verse 13
Chapter 4/Verse 13
चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः ।
तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ॥४-१३॥
cāturvarṇyaṃ mayā sṛṣṭaṃ guṇakarmavibhāgaśaḥ ।
tasya kartāramapi māṃ viddhyakartāramavyayam ॥4-13॥
According to the distribution of the guṇas with their actions related to the four castes created by me, although the creator of that, you must know me as the imperishable, non-doer.
Word-for-word translations
cāturvarṇyam (neuter, nominative, singular) = related to the four castes
mayā (pronoun, 1st person, instrumental, singular) = by me
sṛṣṭam (past passive participle, neuter, nominative, singular) = created
guṇakarmavibhāgaśas (guṇa + karma + vibhāga + śas) (adverbial compound) = according to the distribution of the guṇas with their actions
tasya (masculine, genitive, singular) = of that
kartāram (masculine, accusative, singular) = creator
api (adverb) (indeclinable) = although
mām (pronoun, 1st person, accusative, singular) = me
viddhi (imperative, 2nd person, singular) = you must know
akartāram (masculine, accusative, singular) = non-doer
avyayam (masculine, accusative, singular) = imperishable
चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः ।
तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ॥४-१३॥
cāturvarṇyaṃ mayā sṛṣṭaṃ guṇakarmavibhāgaśaḥ ।
tasya kartāramapi māṃ viddhyakartāramavyayam ॥4-13॥
According to the distribution of the guṇas with their actions related to the four castes created by me, although the creator of that, you must know me as the imperishable, non-doer.
Word-for-word translations
cāturvarṇyam (neuter, nominative, singular) = related to the four castes
mayā (pronoun, 1st person, instrumental, singular) = by me
sṛṣṭam (past passive participle, neuter, nominative, singular) = created
guṇakarmavibhāgaśas (guṇa + karma + vibhāga + śas) (adverbial compound) = according to the distribution of the guṇas with their actions
tasya (masculine, genitive, singular) = of that
kartāram (masculine, accusative, singular) = creator
api (adverb) (indeclinable) = although
mām (pronoun, 1st person, accusative, singular) = me
viddhi (imperative, 2nd person, singular) = you must know
akartāram (masculine, accusative, singular) = non-doer
avyayam (masculine, accusative, singular) = imperishable
Friday, March 11, 2016
Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 4/Verse 12
Chapter 4/Verse 12
काङ्क्षन्तः कर्मणां सिद्धिं यजन्त इह देवताः ।
क्षिप्रं हि मानुषे लोके सिद्धिर्भवति कर्मजा ॥४-१२॥
kāṅkṣantaḥ karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ yajanta iha devatāḥ ।
kṣipraṃ hi mānuṣe loke siddhirbhavati karmajā ॥4-12॥
Here, desiring divine powers, they sacrifice accomplishment of actions. Indeed, quickly, in the human world, success is born from such actions.
Word-for-word translations
kāṅkṣantas (present participle, masculine, nominative, plural) = desiring
karmaṇām (neuter, genitive, plural) = of actions
siddhim (feminine, accusative, singular) = accomplishment
yajanta (present tense, 3rd person, plural) = they sacrifice
iha (adverb) (indeclinable) = here
devatās (feminine, accusative, plural) = divine powers
kṣipram (adverb) (indeclinable) = quickly
hi (adverb) (indeclinable) = indeed
mānuṣe (masculine, locative, singular) = in human
loke (masculine, locative, singular) = in the world
siddhis (feminine, nominative, singular) = success
bhavati (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = it is
karmajā (feminine, nominative, singular) = born from such actions
काङ्क्षन्तः कर्मणां सिद्धिं यजन्त इह देवताः ।
क्षिप्रं हि मानुषे लोके सिद्धिर्भवति कर्मजा ॥४-१२॥
kāṅkṣantaḥ karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ yajanta iha devatāḥ ।
kṣipraṃ hi mānuṣe loke siddhirbhavati karmajā ॥4-12॥
Here, desiring divine powers, they sacrifice accomplishment of actions. Indeed, quickly, in the human world, success is born from such actions.
Word-for-word translations
kāṅkṣantas (present participle, masculine, nominative, plural) = desiring
karmaṇām (neuter, genitive, plural) = of actions
siddhim (feminine, accusative, singular) = accomplishment
yajanta (present tense, 3rd person, plural) = they sacrifice
iha (adverb) (indeclinable) = here
devatās (feminine, accusative, plural) = divine powers
kṣipram (adverb) (indeclinable) = quickly
hi (adverb) (indeclinable) = indeed
mānuṣe (masculine, locative, singular) = in human
loke (masculine, locative, singular) = in the world
siddhis (feminine, nominative, singular) = success
bhavati (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = it is
karmajā (feminine, nominative, singular) = born from such actions
Thursday, March 10, 2016
Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 4/Verse 11
Chapter 4/Verse 11
ये यथा मां प्रपद्यन्ते तांस्तथैव भजाम्यहम् ।
मम वर्त्मानुवर्तन्ते मनुष्याः पार्थ सर्वशः ॥४-११॥
ye yathā māṃ prapadyante tāṃstathaiva bhajāmyaham ।
mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ ॥4-11॥
The manner in which they take refuge in me, indeed, in that way, I accept them. Everywhere, human beings follow my path, O Son of Pritha.
Word-for-word translations
ye (masculine, nominative, plural) = who
yathā = the manner in which
mām (pronoun, 1st person, accusative, singular) = me
prapadyante (present tense, 3rd person, plural) = they take refuge in
tām (masculine, accusative, plural) = them
tathā = in that way
eva (adverb) (indeclinable) = indeed
bhajāmi (present tense, 1st person, singular) = I accept
aham (pronoun, 1st person, nominative, singular) = I
mama (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, singular) = my
vartma (neuter, accusative, singular) = path
anuvartante (present tense, 3rd person, plural) = they follow
manuṣyās (masculine, nominative, plural) = human beings
pārtha (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Son of Pritha (epithet of Arjuna)
sarvaśas (adverb) (indeclinable) = everywhere
ये यथा मां प्रपद्यन्ते तांस्तथैव भजाम्यहम् ।
मम वर्त्मानुवर्तन्ते मनुष्याः पार्थ सर्वशः ॥४-११॥
ye yathā māṃ prapadyante tāṃstathaiva bhajāmyaham ।
mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ ॥4-11॥
The manner in which they take refuge in me, indeed, in that way, I accept them. Everywhere, human beings follow my path, O Son of Pritha.
Word-for-word translations
ye (masculine, nominative, plural) = who
yathā = the manner in which
mām (pronoun, 1st person, accusative, singular) = me
prapadyante (present tense, 3rd person, plural) = they take refuge in
tām (masculine, accusative, plural) = them
tathā = in that way
eva (adverb) (indeclinable) = indeed
bhajāmi (present tense, 1st person, singular) = I accept
aham (pronoun, 1st person, nominative, singular) = I
mama (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, singular) = my
vartma (neuter, accusative, singular) = path
anuvartante (present tense, 3rd person, plural) = they follow
manuṣyās (masculine, nominative, plural) = human beings
pārtha (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Son of Pritha (epithet of Arjuna)
sarvaśas (adverb) (indeclinable) = everywhere
Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 4/Verse 10
Chapter 4/Verse 10
वीतरागभयक्रोधा मन्मया मामुपाश्रिताः ।
बहवो ज्ञानतपसा पूता मद्भावमागताः ॥४-१०॥
vītarāgabhayakrodhā manmayā māmupāśritāḥ ।
bahavo jñānatapasā pūtā madbhāvamāgatāḥ ॥4-10॥
Free of passion, danger, and anger, absorbed in me, taking refuge in me, many purified by austerity in knowledge return to my state of being.
Word-for-word translations
vītarāgabhayakrodhās (vīta + rāga + bhaya + krodhās) (compound) (masculine, nominative, plural) = free of passion, danger, and anger
manmayās (masculine, nominative, plural) = absorbed in me
mām (pronoun, 1st, accusative, singular) = me
upāśritās (past passive participle, masculine, nominative, plural) = taking refuge
bahavas (masculine, nominative, plural) = many
jñānatapasā (neuter, instrumental, singular) = by austerity in knowledge
pūtās (past passive participle, masculine, nominative, plural) = purified
madbhāvam (masculine, accusative, singular) = my state of being
āgatās (past passive participle, masculine, nominative, plural) = return
वीतरागभयक्रोधा मन्मया मामुपाश्रिताः ।
बहवो ज्ञानतपसा पूता मद्भावमागताः ॥४-१०॥
vītarāgabhayakrodhā manmayā māmupāśritāḥ ।
bahavo jñānatapasā pūtā madbhāvamāgatāḥ ॥4-10॥
Free of passion, danger, and anger, absorbed in me, taking refuge in me, many purified by austerity in knowledge return to my state of being.
Word-for-word translations
vītarāgabhayakrodhās (vīta + rāga + bhaya + krodhās) (compound) (masculine, nominative, plural) = free of passion, danger, and anger
manmayās (masculine, nominative, plural) = absorbed in me
mām (pronoun, 1st, accusative, singular) = me
upāśritās (past passive participle, masculine, nominative, plural) = taking refuge
bahavas (masculine, nominative, plural) = many
jñānatapasā (neuter, instrumental, singular) = by austerity in knowledge
pūtās (past passive participle, masculine, nominative, plural) = purified
madbhāvam (masculine, accusative, singular) = my state of being
āgatās (past passive participle, masculine, nominative, plural) = return
Wednesday, March 9, 2016
Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 4/Verse 9
Chapter 4/Verse 9
जन्म कर्म च मे दिव्यमेवं यो वेत्ति तत्त्वतः ।
त्यक्त्वा देहं पुनर्जन्म नैति मामेति सोऽर्जुन ॥४-९॥
janma karma ca me divyamevaṃ yo vetti tattvataḥ ।
tyaktvā dehaṃ punarjanma naiti māmeti so'rjuna ॥4-9॥
Thus, one who truly knows my divine birth and action, that one goes to me. Having abandoned the body, one does not have a rebirth, O Arjuna.
Word-for-word translations
janma (neuter, accusative, singular) = birth
karma (neuter, accusative, singular) = action
ca (conjuction) (indeclinable) = and
me (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, singular) = my
divyam (neuter, accusative, singular) =divine
evam (adverb) (indeclinable) = thus
yas (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, singular) = who
vetti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one knows
tattvatas (adverb) (indeclinable) = truly
tyaktvā (gerund) (indeclinable) = having abandoned
deham (neuter, accusative, singular) = body
punarjanma (neuter, accusative, singular) = rebirth
na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not
eti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one goes
mām (masculine, accusative, singular) = to me
eti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one goes
sas (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, singular) = that one
arjuna (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Arjuna
जन्म कर्म च मे दिव्यमेवं यो वेत्ति तत्त्वतः ।
त्यक्त्वा देहं पुनर्जन्म नैति मामेति सोऽर्जुन ॥४-९॥
janma karma ca me divyamevaṃ yo vetti tattvataḥ ।
tyaktvā dehaṃ punarjanma naiti māmeti so'rjuna ॥4-9॥
Thus, one who truly knows my divine birth and action, that one goes to me. Having abandoned the body, one does not have a rebirth, O Arjuna.
Word-for-word translations
janma (neuter, accusative, singular) = birth
karma (neuter, accusative, singular) = action
ca (conjuction) (indeclinable) = and
me (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, singular) = my
divyam (neuter, accusative, singular) =divine
evam (adverb) (indeclinable) = thus
yas (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, singular) = who
vetti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one knows
tattvatas (adverb) (indeclinable) = truly
tyaktvā (gerund) (indeclinable) = having abandoned
deham (neuter, accusative, singular) = body
punarjanma (neuter, accusative, singular) = rebirth
na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not
eti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one goes
mām (masculine, accusative, singular) = to me
eti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one goes
sas (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, singular) = that one
arjuna (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Arjuna
Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 4/Verse 8
Chapter 4/Verse 8
परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम् ।
धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय सम्भवामि युगे युगे ॥४-८॥
paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām ।
dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya sambhavāmi yuge yuge ॥4-8॥
For rescue of the righteous and for destruction of the evil doers, from age to age I come into being for the means of establishing duty.
Word-for-word translations
paritrāṇāya (neuter, dative, singular) = for rescue
sādhūnām (masculine, genitive, plural) = of the righteous
vināśāya (masculine, dative, singular) = for destruction
ca (adverb) (indeclinable) = and
duṣkṛtām (masculine, genitive, plural) = of the evil doers
dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya (masculine, dative, singular) = for the means of establishing duty
sambhavāmi (present tense, 1st person, singular) = I come into being
yuge yuge (neuter, locative, singular) = from age to age
परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम् ।
धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय सम्भवामि युगे युगे ॥४-८॥
paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām ।
dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya sambhavāmi yuge yuge ॥4-8॥
For rescue of the righteous and for destruction of the evil doers, from age to age I come into being for the means of establishing duty.
Word-for-word translations
paritrāṇāya (neuter, dative, singular) = for rescue
sādhūnām (masculine, genitive, plural) = of the righteous
vināśāya (masculine, dative, singular) = for destruction
ca (adverb) (indeclinable) = and
duṣkṛtām (masculine, genitive, plural) = of the evil doers
dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya (masculine, dative, singular) = for the means of establishing duty
sambhavāmi (present tense, 1st person, singular) = I come into being
yuge yuge (neuter, locative, singular) = from age to age
Tuesday, March 8, 2016
Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 4/Verse 7
Chapter 4/Verse 7
यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत ।
अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम् ॥४-७॥
yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānirbhavati bhārata ।
abhyutthānamadharmasya tadātmānaṃ sṛjāmyaham ॥4-7॥
Indeed, Descendant of Bharata, whenever decay of duty exists [and] non-duty rises up, then I create self.
Word-for-word translations
yadā yadā (adverb) (indeclinable) = whenever
hi (adverb) (indeclinable) = indeed
dharmasya (masculine, genitive, singular) = of duty
glānis (feminine, nominative,singular) = decay
bhavati (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = it exists
bhārata = Descendant of Bharata (epithet of Arjuna)
abhyutthānam (neuter, accusative, singular) = rises up
adharmasya (masculine, genitive, singular) = of non-duty
tadā (adverb) (indeclinable) = then
ātmānaṃ (masculine, accusative, singular) = self
sṛjāmi (present tense, 1st person, singular) = I create
aham (pronoun, 1st person, nominative, singular) = I
यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत ।
अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम् ॥४-७॥
yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānirbhavati bhārata ।
abhyutthānamadharmasya tadātmānaṃ sṛjāmyaham ॥4-7॥
Indeed, Descendant of Bharata, whenever decay of duty exists [and] non-duty rises up, then I create self.
Word-for-word translations
yadā yadā (adverb) (indeclinable) = whenever
hi (adverb) (indeclinable) = indeed
dharmasya (masculine, genitive, singular) = of duty
glānis (feminine, nominative,singular) = decay
bhavati (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = it exists
bhārata = Descendant of Bharata (epithet of Arjuna)
abhyutthānam (neuter, accusative, singular) = rises up
adharmasya (masculine, genitive, singular) = of non-duty
tadā (adverb) (indeclinable) = then
ātmānaṃ (masculine, accusative, singular) = self
sṛjāmi (present tense, 1st person, singular) = I create
aham (pronoun, 1st person, nominative, singular) = I
Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 4/Verse 6
Chapter 4/Verse 6
अजोऽपि सन्नव्ययात्मा भूतानामीश्वरोऽपि सन् ।
प्रकृतिं स्वामधिष्ठाय संभवाम्यात्ममायया ॥४-६॥
ajo'pi sannavyayātmā bhūtānāmīśvaro'pi san ।
prakṛtiṃ svāmadhiṣṭhāya saṃbhavāmyātmamāyayā ॥4-6॥
Even though being unborn, an imperishable self, the lord of beings, and having governance over my own nature, I come into being by the magical power of the self.
Word-for-word translations
ajas (masculine, nominative, singular) = unborn
api (adverb) (indeclinable) = even though
san (present participle, masculine, nominative, singular) = being
avyayātmā (avyaya + ātmā) (compound) (masculine, nominative, singular) = imperishable self
bhūtānām (masculine, genitive, plural) = of beings
īśvaras (masculine, nominative, singular) = lord
api (adverb) (indeclinable) = even though
san (present participle, masculine, nominative, singular) = being
prakṛtim (feminine, accusative, singular) = nature
svām (feminine, accusative, singular) = my own
adhiṣṭhāya (gerund) (indeclinable) = having governance over
saṃbhavāmi (present tense, 1st person, singular) = I come into being
ātmamāyayā (ātma + māyayā) (compound) (feminine, instrumental, singular) = by the magical power of the self
अजोऽपि सन्नव्ययात्मा भूतानामीश्वरोऽपि सन् ।
प्रकृतिं स्वामधिष्ठाय संभवाम्यात्ममायया ॥४-६॥
ajo'pi sannavyayātmā bhūtānāmīśvaro'pi san ।
prakṛtiṃ svāmadhiṣṭhāya saṃbhavāmyātmamāyayā ॥4-6॥
Even though being unborn, an imperishable self, the lord of beings, and having governance over my own nature, I come into being by the magical power of the self.
Word-for-word translations
ajas (masculine, nominative, singular) = unborn
api (adverb) (indeclinable) = even though
san (present participle, masculine, nominative, singular) = being
avyayātmā (avyaya + ātmā) (compound) (masculine, nominative, singular) = imperishable self
bhūtānām (masculine, genitive, plural) = of beings
īśvaras (masculine, nominative, singular) = lord
api (adverb) (indeclinable) = even though
san (present participle, masculine, nominative, singular) = being
prakṛtim (feminine, accusative, singular) = nature
svām (feminine, accusative, singular) = my own
adhiṣṭhāya (gerund) (indeclinable) = having governance over
saṃbhavāmi (present tense, 1st person, singular) = I come into being
ātmamāyayā (ātma + māyayā) (compound) (feminine, instrumental, singular) = by the magical power of the self
Monday, March 7, 2016
Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 4/Verse 5
Chapter 4/Verse 5
श्रीभगवानुवाच
बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव चार्जुन ।
तान्यहं वेद सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परन्तप ॥४-५॥
śrībhagavānuvāca
bahūni me vyatītāni janmāni tava cārjuna ।
tānyahaṃ veda sarvāṇi na tvaṃ vettha parantapa ॥4-5॥
The Blessed One said, many of my births have passed, and of you, O Arjuna. I have known them all. You have not known [them], O Scorcher of the Foe.
Word-for-word translations
śrībhagavān (masculine, nominative, singular) = the Blessed One (epithet of Krishna)
uvāca (past tense, 3rd person, singular) = said
bahūni (neuter, nominative, singular) = many
me (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, singular) = of me
vyatītāni (past passive participle, neuter, nominative, plural) = have passed
janmāni (neuter, nominative, plural) = births
tava (pronoun, 2nd person, genitive, singular) = of you
ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and
arjuna (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Arjuna
tāni (pronoun, 3rd person, neuter, accusative, singular) = them
aham (pronoun, 1st person, nominative, singular) = I
veda (past tense, 1st person, singular) = I have known
sarvāṇi (neuter, accusative, plural) = all
na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not
tvam (pronoun, 2nd person, nominative, singular) = you
vettha (past tense, 2nd person, singular) = you have not known
parantapa (masculine, vocative, singular) = Scorcher of the Foe (epithet of Arjuna)
श्रीभगवानुवाच
बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव चार्जुन ।
तान्यहं वेद सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परन्तप ॥४-५॥
śrībhagavānuvāca
bahūni me vyatītāni janmāni tava cārjuna ।
tānyahaṃ veda sarvāṇi na tvaṃ vettha parantapa ॥4-5॥
The Blessed One said, many of my births have passed, and of you, O Arjuna. I have known them all. You have not known [them], O Scorcher of the Foe.
Word-for-word translations
śrībhagavān (masculine, nominative, singular) = the Blessed One (epithet of Krishna)
uvāca (past tense, 3rd person, singular) = said
bahūni (neuter, nominative, singular) = many
me (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, singular) = of me
vyatītāni (past passive participle, neuter, nominative, plural) = have passed
janmāni (neuter, nominative, plural) = births
tava (pronoun, 2nd person, genitive, singular) = of you
ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and
arjuna (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Arjuna
tāni (pronoun, 3rd person, neuter, accusative, singular) = them
aham (pronoun, 1st person, nominative, singular) = I
veda (past tense, 1st person, singular) = I have known
sarvāṇi (neuter, accusative, plural) = all
na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not
tvam (pronoun, 2nd person, nominative, singular) = you
vettha (past tense, 2nd person, singular) = you have not known
parantapa (masculine, vocative, singular) = Scorcher of the Foe (epithet of Arjuna)
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