Chapter 4/Verse 9
जन्म कर्म च मे दिव्यमेवं यो वेत्ति तत्त्वतः ।
त्यक्त्वा देहं पुनर्जन्म नैति मामेति सोऽर्जुन ॥४-९॥
janma karma ca me divyamevaṃ yo vetti tattvataḥ ।
tyaktvā dehaṃ punarjanma naiti māmeti so'rjuna ॥4-9॥
Thus, one who truly knows my divine birth and action, that one goes to me. Having abandoned the body, one does not have a rebirth, O Arjuna.
Word-for-word translations
janma (neuter, accusative, singular) = birth
karma (neuter, accusative, singular) = action
ca (conjuction) (indeclinable) = and
me (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, singular) = my
divyam (neuter, accusative, singular) =divine
evam (adverb) (indeclinable) = thus
yas (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, singular) = who
vetti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one knows
tattvatas (adverb) (indeclinable) = truly
tyaktvā (gerund) (indeclinable) = having abandoned
deham (neuter, accusative, singular) = body
punarjanma (neuter, accusative, singular) = rebirth
na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not
eti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one goes
mām (masculine, accusative, singular) = to me
eti (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = one goes
sas (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, singular) = that one
arjuna (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Arjuna
Chapter 4/Verse 8
परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम् ।
धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय सम्भवामि युगे युगे ॥४-८॥
paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām ।
dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya sambhavāmi yuge yuge ॥4-8॥
For rescue of the righteous and for destruction of the evil doers, from age to age I come into being for the means of establishing duty.
Word-for-word translations
paritrāṇāya (neuter, dative, singular) = for rescue
sādhūnām (masculine, genitive, plural) = of the righteous
vināśāya (masculine, dative, singular) = for destruction
ca (adverb) (indeclinable) = and
duṣkṛtām (masculine, genitive, plural) = of the evil doers
dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya (masculine, dative, singular) = for the means of establishing duty
sambhavāmi (present tense, 1st person, singular) = I come into being
yuge yuge (neuter, locative, singular) = from age to age
Chapter 4/Verse 7
यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत ।
अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम् ॥४-७॥
yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānirbhavati bhārata ।
abhyutthānamadharmasya tadātmānaṃ sṛjāmyaham ॥4-7॥
Indeed, Descendant of Bharata, whenever decay of duty exists [and] non-duty rises up, then I create self.
Word-for-word translations
yadā yadā (adverb) (indeclinable) = whenever
hi (adverb) (indeclinable) = indeed
dharmasya (masculine, genitive, singular) = of duty
glānis (feminine, nominative,singular) = decay
bhavati (present tense, 3rd person, singular) = it exists
bhārata = Descendant of Bharata (epithet of Arjuna)
abhyutthānam (neuter, accusative, singular) = rises up
adharmasya (masculine, genitive, singular) = of non-duty
tadā (adverb) (indeclinable) = then
ātmānaṃ (masculine, accusative, singular) = self
sṛjāmi (present tense, 1st person, singular) = I create
aham (pronoun, 1st person, nominative, singular) = I
Chapter 4/Verse 6
अजोऽपि सन्नव्ययात्मा भूतानामीश्वरोऽपि सन् ।
प्रकृतिं स्वामधिष्ठाय संभवाम्यात्ममायया ॥४-६॥
ajo'pi sannavyayātmā bhūtānāmīśvaro'pi san ।
prakṛtiṃ svāmadhiṣṭhāya saṃbhavāmyātmamāyayā ॥4-6॥
Even though being unborn, an imperishable self, the lord of beings, and having governance over my own nature, I come into being by the magical power of the self.
Word-for-word translations
ajas (masculine, nominative, singular) = unborn
api (adverb) (indeclinable) = even though
san (present participle, masculine, nominative, singular) = being
avyayātmā (avyaya + ātmā) (compound) (masculine, nominative, singular) = imperishable self
bhūtānām (masculine, genitive, plural) = of beings
īśvaras (masculine, nominative, singular) = lord
api (adverb) (indeclinable) = even though
san (present participle, masculine, nominative, singular) = being
prakṛtim (feminine, accusative, singular) = nature
svām (feminine, accusative, singular) = my own
adhiṣṭhāya (gerund) (indeclinable) = having governance over
saṃbhavāmi (present tense, 1st person, singular) = I come into being
ātmamāyayā (ātma + māyayā) (compound) (feminine, instrumental, singular) = by the magical power of the self
Chapter 4/Verse 5
श्रीभगवानुवाच
बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव चार्जुन ।
तान्यहं वेद सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परन्तप ॥४-५॥
śrībhagavānuvāca
bahūni me vyatītāni janmāni tava cārjuna ।
tānyahaṃ veda sarvāṇi na tvaṃ vettha parantapa ॥4-5॥
The Blessed One said, many of my births have passed, and of you, O Arjuna. I have known them all. You have not known [them], O Scorcher of the Foe.
Word-for-word translations
śrībhagavān (masculine, nominative, singular) = the Blessed One (epithet of Krishna)
uvāca (past tense, 3rd person, singular) = said
bahūni (neuter, nominative, singular) = many
me (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, singular) = of me
vyatītāni (past passive participle, neuter, nominative, plural) = have passed
janmāni (neuter, nominative, plural) = births
tava (pronoun, 2nd person, genitive, singular) = of you
ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and
arjuna (masculine, vocative, singular) = O Arjuna
tāni (pronoun, 3rd person, neuter, accusative, singular) = them
aham (pronoun, 1st person, nominative, singular) = I
veda (past tense, 1st person, singular) = I have known
sarvāṇi (neuter, accusative, plural) = all
na (adverb) (indeclinable) = not
tvam (pronoun, 2nd person, nominative, singular) = you
vettha (past tense, 2nd person, singular) = you have not known
parantapa (masculine, vocative, singular) = Scorcher of the Foe (epithet of Arjuna)
अर्जुन उवाच
अपरं भवतो जन्म परं जन्म विवस्वतः ।
कथमेतद्विजानीयां त्वमादौ प्रोक्तवानिति ॥४-४॥
arjuna uvāca
aparaṃ bhavato janma paraṃ janma vivasvataḥ ।
kathametadvijānīyāṃ tvamādau proktavāniti ॥4-4॥
Arjuna said, "You declared in the beginning, Your birth was later. Vivasvat's birth was earlier." How should I understand this?"
Word-for-word translations
arjunas (masculine, nominative, singular) = Arjuna
uvāca (past tense, 3rd person, singular) = said
aparaṃ (neuter, nominative, singular) = later
bhavatas (masculine, genitive, singular) = your
janma (neuter, nominative, singular) = birth
paraṃ (neuter, nominative, singular) = earlier
janma (neuter, nominative, singular) = birth
vivasvataḥ (masculine, genitive, singular) = of Vivasvat
katham (interrogative) (indeclinable) = how
etad (neuter, accusative, singular) = this
vijānīyām (optative, 1st person, singular) = I should understand
tvam (pronoun, 2nd person, nominative, singular) = you
ādau (masculine, locative, singular) = in the beginning
proktavān (participle, masculine, nominative, singular) = one having declared
iti (punctuation) (indeclinable) = (closed quotation marks)
स एवायं मया तेऽद्य योगः प्रोक्तः पुरातनः ।
भक्तोऽसि मे सखा चेति रहस्यं ह्येतदुत्तमम् ॥४-३॥
sa evāyaṃ mayā te'dya yogaḥ proktaḥ purātanaḥ ।
bhakto'si me sakhā ceti rahasyaṃ hyetaduttamam ॥4-3॥
Indeed, that ancient yoga, today that was declared to you by me since you are devoted and a friend of mine. Indeed, that mystical teaching (referring to the ancient yoga) is supreme.
Word-for-word translations
sas (pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, nominative, singular) = that
eva (adverb) (indeclinable) = indeed
ayaṃ (masculine, nominative, singular) = that
mayā (pronoun, 1st person, instrumental, singular) = by me
te (pronoun, 2nd person, dative, singular) = to you
adya (adverb) (indeclinable) = today
yogas (masculine, nominative, singular) = yoga
proktas (past passive participle, masculine, nominative, singular) = declared
purātanas (adjective) (masculine, nominative, singular) = ancient
bhaktas (past passive participle, masculine, nominative, singular) = devoted
asi (present tense, 2nd person, singular)= you are
me (pronoun, 1st person, genitive, singular) = of mine
sakhā (masculine, nominative, singular) = friend
ca (conjunction) (indeclinable) = and
iti (punctuation) (indeclinable) = since
rahasyaṃ (neuter, nominative, singular) = mystical teaching
hi (adverb) (indeclinable) = indeed
etad (adjective) (neuter, nominative, singular) = that
uttamam (neuter, nominative, singular) = supreme
